46. Daily and Additional Sacrifices - Temidin u-Musafin
We are commanded to offer two lambs daily as burnt-offerings,
one in the morning and one in the afternoon,
as it says "Two each day, a regular burnt-offering...".1
The priests are commanded to keep a fire always burning on
the altar, as it says "A perpetual fire shall burn on the
altar"2; it is forbidden to extinguish it, as it says "It
shall not be extinguished".2 They are also commanded to
remove the ashes from the altar daily, as it says "And he
shall lift up the ash [...on the altar]".3,a
The priests are commanded to burn incense on the golden
altar every morning and afternoon, as it says "And Aaron
shall burn compounded incense on it...".4 They are also
commanded to light the candelabrum daily, as it says "[To
raise a perpetual candle...] Aaron and his sons shall
arrange it".5 The high priest is commanded to offer a
cake-offering every morning and afternoon [as it says "This is
the sacrifice of Aaron and his sons... and the priest of
his sons who is anointed in his place shall make it".]6,b
On the sabbath there are two additional lamb burnt-offerings
[as it says "And on the sabbath day..."7]. The
showbread is also placed on the table every sabbath with
frankincense, as it says "[You shall take flour and bake it
into twelve loaves...] on the sabbath he shall arrange
it...".8 The previous sabbath's showbread is divided
between the watch of priests going off duty and that coming
on duty and its frankincense is burned on the altar; it
must be eaten in the Temple. On the new moon the
additional burnt-offerings consist of two bulls, a ram and
seven lambs, and there is also a he-goat sin-offering.9,c
On each of the seven days of Pesach there are additional
offerings like those on the new moon.10 On the second day,
besides these there is a lamb burnt-offering in conjunction
with the omer, an offering of flour made from parched
barley.11 We are commanded to count seven weeks from the
day that the omer is brought, as it says "And you shall
count... [from the day you bring the omer...] seven sabbaths...
you shall count 50 days"12; this commandment applies even
when the Temple does not exist. The fiftieth day is Shavuos;
on it there are additional offerings like those on the new
moon.13 Besides these there are a bull, two rams,
and seven lambs as burnt-offerings, a he-goat sin-offering,
and two lamb peace-offerings14; these are brought in
conjunction with a bread-offering of two leavened loaves.d
On Rosh ha-Shanah, besides the additional offering for
the new moon, there are a bull, ram, and seven lambs as
burnt-offerings and a he-goat sin-offering.15 On Yom Kippur
there are the same offerings, together with another he-goat
sin-offering (brought in conjunction with the scapegoat)
that is not eaten.16 On the first day of Sukkos there are
thirteen bulls, two rams and fourteen lambs as burnt-
offerings and a he-goat sin-offering; and the same on the
succeeding six days except that the number of bulls is
reduced by one each day.17 It is also traditional to pour
a water libation on the altar on these seven days. On the
eighth day the offerings are like those on Rosh ha-Shanah.18,e
Sources: |
| 1. Num. 28:3ff |
a. 1:1; 2:1,3,10 |
| 2. Lev. 6:6 |
b. 3:1,10,18 |
| 3. Lev. 6:3 |
c. 4:9-12; 5:1-2; 7:1 |
| 4. Ex. 30:7-8 |
d. 7:3,12,22,24; 8:1 |
| 5. Ex. 27:20-21; compare Lev. 24:2-3 |
e. 9:1; 10:1-6 |
| 6. Lev. 6:13-15 |
|
| 7. Num. 28:9-10 |
|
| 8. Lev. 24:5-9 |
|
| 9. Num. 28:11ff |
|
| 10. Num. 28:16ff |
|
| 11. Lev. 23:9ff; see 2:14-16 |
|
| 12. Lev. 23:15-16 |
|
| 13. Num. 28:26ff |
|
| 14. Lev. 23:l6ff |
|
| 15. Num. 29:lff |
|
| 16. Num. 29:7ff |
|
| 17. Num. 29:l2ff |
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| 18. Num. 29:35ff |
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