Rabbi Frand on Parshas Ki Seitzei
These divrei Torah were adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi
Yissochar Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Torah Tapes on the weekly Torah
portion Ki Seitzei: Tape # 65, Polygamy and the Cherem of Rabeinu Gershom. Good Shabbos!
Common Denominator Between Shiluach HaKein and Kibbud Av V'Em
This week's parsha contains the mitzvah of 'Shiluach HaKein'. The Torah
says if one finds a bird's nest with mother is sitting and watching the
eggs or the chicks, the finder is not allowed to take both the mother
and the eggs, but must first send away the mother and then take the
eggs. The reward for this is "length of days". [Devarim 22:6-7]
As we all know, there is only one other place where the Torah uses the
expression "in order that it be good with you and you will have length
of days" and that is concerning the mitzvah of honoring one's parents.
I heard an observation from Rav Weinberg, zatz"al, that there must be
some kind of common denominator to these two mitzvos which otherwise
appear totally dissimilar and unrelated.
Rav Weinberg explained that the common denominator is that the Torah
recognizes and grants great reward for mitzvos which involve recognition
of mesiras nefesh (self-sacrifice). When the Torah tells us that we
must honor our parents, the Torah is telling us that parents exhibit
tremendous mesiras nefesh for their children. One is entitled to the
reward of "length of days" as a reward for honoring one's parents, in
order to cause people to appreciate the mesiras nefesh that parents
exhibit for children. In other words the Torah is giving this rewards
so that we will be come to appreciate the great mesiras nefesh of our
parents -- and to act on that appreciation.
This is exactly the same concept we find concerning Shiluach HaKein.
Anyone who has ever tried to catch a bird knows that it is a virtually
impossible task. So why will a person ever encounter a situation where
he about to catch a bird? Won't the bird fly away? The answer is that
the bird is being a mother. Like all mothers, she is willing to
sacrifice and give over her own freedom in order to remain with her
children. For one to grab that bird and take advantage of the mesiras
nefesh of the maternal instinct from mother to offspring is prohibited.
By sending away the mother and not taking advantage of this mesiras
nefesh, one shows his appreciation for it. Here too, for that
recognition and appreciation of the mesiras nefesh of parents towards
offspring, one is entitled to "length of days".
Giving Kingship to One's Fellow-man
This week's parsha contains the pasuk [verse] "If a man commits a
capital crime and is put to death; you shall hang him on a gallows"
[Devorim 21:22]. But the pasuk admonishes, "Do not leave his body
overnight on the gallows, rather you shall surely bury him on that day,
for a hanging person is a curse of G-d...".
Rash"i explains that to leave him hanging would be degrading to the
"King" (i.e. -- it would be a disgrace to G-d). The reason, Rash"i
says, is that a person is created in the Divine image of G-d. To leave
a person in such a state and not show respect for the human image, is in
fact degrading to G-d himself. Rash"i cites the famous parable of a set
of twins. One was the King and one was a thief. The thief was caught,
killed, and left hanging. People walked by and said, "The King has been
killed!".
This law teaches us, therefore, that we cannot leave a human being
hanging on the gallows because every single human being is created in
the image of G-d. Disgracing a fellow human being is a disgrace to G-d
himself.
Perhaps we tend to throw around this concept, that a person is created
in G-d's image, too lightly. Therefore, Chaza"l are emphasizing this
concept. Even when one sees a criminal -- one who was executed in Beis
Din -- one must look at him and recognize that he too is created in the
likeness of his Creator.
There is a braisa in Maseches Kallah, that teaches us a very strong
message. I once heard this message from Rav Meir Bergman, shlit"a, the
son-in-law of Rav Shach. The braisa teaches that one who immediately
repeats the recitation of Krias Shma is acting in an unseemly fashion.
(This is also a gemara in Megila [25a].)
What does this mean? If a person is reciting Shma Yisroel and he
repeats the words -- "Shma, Shma; Yisroel, Yisroel; ...", the Talmud
says this is undesirable because it sounds as if there are "two
dominions". The very next words of the braisa are that if a person is
tovel (immerses himself in a mikveh) two times, that is also
undesirable. Why? Because he may splash water on his friend's clothing
(that was left by the side of the mikveh while he immersed) and that is
undesirable.
Rav Bergman asked, what is the connection between these two statements?
What is the relationship between saying Krias Shma twice and dipping in
a mikveh twice? Rav Bergman says that Maseches Kallah is making the
following point: Saying Shma twice indicates something lacking in one's
acceptance of the Divine Yoke of Heaven (Kabalas Ol Malchus Shamayim),
because such action implies that there are Two Dominions.
Likewise, the braisa teaches, if one doesn't treat his friend properly
that also constitutes something lacking in one's Kabalas Ol Malchus
Shamayim. One who accepts and pays more than lip service to the idea
that man was created "b'zelem Elokim" (in the Image of G-d), accepts
implicitly the concept that every person is a microcosm, as it were, of
G-d. Every individual is holy and G-dly. To not respect the property
of one's friend (by immersing twice and not being concerned with
splashing his clothing) is a lack of accepting the Yoke of Heaven upon
oneself.
The introduction to the book "Reishis Chochmah" quotes a braisa called
"the braisa of chibut haKever". It is written in that braisa that in
the future, when a person comes to the Heavenly Court, he will be asked
two questions: 1) Did you make your Creator your King?; 2) Did you
make your friend your King?
The question is not "Did you like your friend?" The question is, "Did
you anoint your friend as King?" (himlachta)!
The Talmud in Rosh Hashana [32a] contains the source for the idea that
we have to recite verses of Kingship (Malchiyos). The Talmud explains
that we learn it from the juxtaposition (in Parshas Emor) of the words
"I am the L-rd your G-d" [Vayikra 23:22] with the parsha of Rosh
HaShanah ("On the Seventh month on the first of the month..." [23:24]).
The words "I am the L-rd your G-d" are written in the Parsha of Leket --
"You shall leave them for the stranger, orphan and widow, I am the L-rd
your G-d."
We learn the concept of saying Malchiyot on Rosh Hashana from the words
"Ani Hashem Elokeichem" that are written by the one who is impoverished
or a stranger. This is the Jewish definition of accepting the Yoke of
Heaven. Not only must one anoint the Master of the World as King, but
one has to treat every Jew with the respect that one would give, as it
were, to G-d himself.
The Rosh Yeshiva (Rav Ruderman) related an incident that happened when
he was 10 years old -- more than 75 years ago -- in Dalhiniv. It was
Hoshanna Rabbah. The custom is that the Chazan wears a Kittel when he
davens Mussaf on Hoshanna Rabbah. The Shamash came into the shul from
the mikveh and forgot to bring the kittel. A rich man went over to the
Shamash in shul and asked him where the kittel was. He admitted he
forgot to bring the kittel. The rich man began cursing him and shaming
him in front of all present, as if the Shamash had done the worse sin in
the world.
In order to fulfill a "custom", he made this Shamash feel bad;
embarrassing him publicly and ruining his Simchas Yom Tov. We lose
sight. We try to fulfill hidurim (exceptional ways to perform mitzvos),
but in the meantime we neglect a basic obligation in our accepting the
Yoke of Heaven, which is to treat every Jew with respect and with
decency.
Glossary
braisa -- Tanaaitic teachings that remained outside the Mishneh.
mikveh -- ritual bath into which one immerses (is tovel) to remove
impurity or to add a level of sanctity
chibut hakever -- literally 'beating of the grave', referring to
punishment after death
leket -- individual stalks that have fallen in the harvest process;
they are to be left for the poor.
Shamash -- synagogue Sexton.
kittel -- white robe worn for prayers during the High Holidays.
Hoshanna Rabbah -- Last day of Succos, the day on which Yom Kippur's
Judgement is finally sealed in Heaven.
This week's write-up is adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi
Yissochar Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Torah Tapes on the weekly Torah
portion Ki Seitzei. The corresponding halachic portion for this tape is: # 65, Polygamy and the Cherem of Rabeinu Gershom.
Also Available: Mesorah / Artscroll has published a collection
of Rabbi Frand's essays. The book is entitled:
and is available through Project Genesis On-Line Bookstore:
http://books.torah.org/
