Rabbi Frand on Parshas Shoftim
These divrei Torah were adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi
Yissocher Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Tapes on the weekly portion:
Tape #202, Melech v'lo Malkah: A Jewish Queen? Good Shabbos!
Having the Ability to Just Say "No"
In this week's Parsha (Torah portion), the Torah tells us: "When you
come to the Land that HaShem your G-d gives you, you shall not learn
to act according to the abominations of those nations. There shall
not be found among you one who causes his son or daughter to pass
through the fire, one who practices divinations, an astrologer, one
who reads omens, a sorcerer." [Devorim 18:9-10]
Many non-Jews believe in the powers of stars, of astrology, and magic.
This is not for you. You have a G-d. You have prophets. You don't
need all these things.
One of the fundamental differences between the Torah and other
religions is that the Torah believes that a human being has the power
to rise above the forces of nature. Non-Jews believe that a person
is bound and subject to the forces of nature. "Forces of nature" can
include astrology and sorcery and the stars and they can also include
human passions -- "I can't control myself."
One of the basic beliefs of our religion is that man is in charge of
himself. That is what the verse (pasuk) is telling us here.
The non-Jews are perhaps bound by nature, by what the 'stars say,' but
"with you it is not like this (v'Ata Lo ken)" [Devorim 18:14]. You
have the ability to say "No."
Even though our instincts would drive us to follow them, but we have
the power of "Lo ken" -- of saying, "That is not the way it is going
to be!" We have the ability to control ourselves, to say "No", and to overcome nature and even overcome the 'decree of the stars.'
Israel has no Mazal [Shabbos 156a] -- we are not bound by that!
Every day in davening (our prayers) we say "U'Mosar haAdam min
haBeheima ayin." The standard way of translating this phrase is "And
the difference between man and animal is minimal." The Ba'alei
Mussar, however, explain it as follows: The difference between man
and beast is "ayin" -- the ability to say "No!"
If an animal is hungry, he has to eat. If an animal is in heat it
has to follow its body. The difference between man and animal, is
the ability to control oneself and say "No."
This is a fundamental difference between Judaism and other religions.
The philosophy that 'I am overpowered by nature,' that 'I have to
give in,' is not a Jewish outlook. We believe one IS able to control
himself. We can just say "No."
Reading One's Own Biography in the Torah
In this week's parsha, we learn of the king's obligation to write for
himself a private "royal copy" of the Sefer Torah. The Talmud tells
us that even though every Jew has a Mitzvah to write a Sefer Torah,
the king has a separate command over and above this to write a royal
Sefer Torah, which was to accompany him whereever he went. "And it
shall be with him and he should read it all the days of his life in
order that he learn to fear HaShem, to observe all the words of this
Torah..." [Devorim 17:19].
The Ba'alei Derush say that the pasuk is telling us more than just
the fact that the king has to READ the Torah daily. He has to plot
his life each and every day, according to what is written in the
Torah. They interpret, homiletically, that he has to read in it
(v'kara bo) his entire biography (kol yemei chayav), all the events
of his life.
When a king has a question as to what to do, he has to be able to
look in the Torah and come up with the answer.
All Israel are sons of kings [Shabbos 67a]. In this respect, all
Jews have to be like princes. Happy is the man who can read his life
in the Torah.
I once heard a story about Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky, zt"l. When he
first came to the United States he was a Rav in Seattle, Washington
for a short time and then he became Rav in Toronto, Canada.
Someone was once walking with Rav Yaakov in Toronto on the second day
of Shavuous, some 40-50 years ago. Having just heard the reading of
Megillas Ruth in shul, Rav Yaakov told his companion "I am no better
than Elimelech."
"Elimelech left Eretz Yisroel because he was worried about his
livelihood. He went from a place where there were Jews, to a place
where there were no Jews -- the fields of Moab. He was willing to
sacrifice the education and environment of his children, just so he
could make a better living (escaping the famine in Israel)."
At that time, Toronto had not much to speak of in terms of a Torah
community. Rav Yaakov rhetorically asked his companion "Why am I in
Toronto, despite the fact that my children don't have the best
environment? Parnosah! Because I have a job in Toronto and I don't
have a job anywhere else. I'm wrong! That is the very reason that
Elimelech was punished. One is not supposed to put one's livelihood
over the spiritual welfare of his family."
He concluded, "I must move to a more Jewish environment." On that
very day he decided to move to New York where he eventually became
the Rosh Yeshiva of Torah VoDaath. And the rest is history.
That is the meaning of being able to look into the Torah and read
about the events of one's own life. We must strive to be able to
read our own biographies in the Torah. That is what Rav Yaakov was
capable of and that is what we have to aspire for.
Personalities & Sources:
Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky -- (1891-1986)
Glossary
Mazal -- (Pre-destined luck or fate determined by the) constellations
Ba'alei Mussar -- Masters of ethics
Ba'alei Derush -- Masters of homiletics
Parnosah -- livelihood
This week's write-up is adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi
Yissochar Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Torah Tapes on the weekly Torah
portion (#202). The corresponding halachic portion for this tape is:
Melech v'lo Malkah: A Jewish Queen?. The other halachic
portions for Parshas Shoftim from the Commuter Chavrusah Series
are:
Also Available: Mesorah / Artscroll has published a collection
of Rabbi Frand's essays. The book is entitled:
