The Talmud (Shab. 56a) explains that David's marriage to Bathsheba
involved neither adultery nor murder. The soldiers in David's army gave
conditional divorces to their wives before going to war, so if they were
missing in action their wives would be able to remarry. Since Uriah in
fact didn't survive the war, his divorce was retroactively effective, so
Bathsheba was a divorcee.
David's sending Uriah to the front certainly wasn't murder; he was killed
by the enemy. The Talmud says that David was justified in telling Joab
to arrange for Uriah to be killed in battle, because Uriah had acted
disrespectfully when he referred to "my lord Joab" while speaking to
David (2 Sam. 11:11). But we see that Nathan the prophet rebuked David
for causing Uriah to be killed (2 Sam.12:9), so it seems that David
wasn't entirely justified in doing so; see also 1 Kings 15:5.
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