Rabbi Frand on Parshas Terumah
These divrei Torah were adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi
Yissochar Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Torah Tapes on the weekly Torah
portion: Tape# 87, Microphone on Shabbos. Good Shabbos!
"And You Shall Take for Me Teruma" -- Doing For Oneself
This week's parsha contains the section in the Torah that deals with
the building of the Mishkan. The Torah tells us that the Jewish
people were commanded to bring a donation to Moshe Rabbeinu for the
purpose of erecting a Mishkan (Tabernacle).
The pasuk [verse] uses the expression, "...and take for Me (v'yikchu
Li) a donation..." [Shmos 25:2]. The obvious question is that this is
a peculiar choice of words. The more appropriate expression would
have been "...and give to Me (v'yitnu Li) a donation..."
On a simple level, we can say that since G-d really owns everything
("...to Hashem is the Earth and all that it contains..." [Tehillim
24:1]), it is impossible to speak of giving Him anything. Giving
usually implies I have ownership and I transfer the ownership to
someone else. Therefore, when we talk about the Master of the World,
we don't use the expression "giving." Instead, we use the expression
"taking." That is to say, G-d already owns everything, we merely
'allow' Him to take that which is already His.
In Parshas Vayera, Rav Shlomo Breuer, zt"l has a beautiful thought on
this concept of "taking for Me Teruma." Whenever we 'give,' whether
we do chessed with our bodies or we do chessed with our money, every
giving is actually a 'taking.' Whenever a person does a chessed, he
is really doing more for himself than for the person to whom he is
giving.
The Medrash says in Parshas Vayikra, "More than what a Ba'al HaBayis
does for a poor person, the poor person does for the Ba'al HaBayis."
If one gives a person a donation, the money is a very temporary thing.
Perhaps it pays for the next meal; perhaps it pays for the rent. In
actuality, it is very, very finite. On the other hand, the person who
'gives,' in addition to acquiring Olam HaBaw (the World to Come),
accumulates something else as well... He acquires that which it does
to his personality, that which it does to his soul and to his self-
esteem. By helping another person, one is taking far more than he is
giving.
Rav Breuer points out the first time that we find an act of chessed in
the Torah: by Avraham Avinu and the Angels. The invitation extended
by our Patriarch Avraham to the Angels, offering them a place to eat
and a place to sleep, is the first overt mention of an act of kindness
in the Torah.
When we look at that parsha we see an interesting thing. How many
times does the Torah use the expression "...let water be taken (yuKach
nah me'at mayim)..." [Bereshis 18:4]; "...I will take bread (va-eKcha
pas lechem)..." [18:5]? What kind of expression is that? Avraham
should have said "I will give water; I will give bread."
The answer is that Avraham Avinu is instructing his children and
telling them, "My children, you should know for all future
generations, that when you help someone else, you are not giving; you
are taking!"
When a person helps someone, he/she does more for himself/herself than
he/she does for the other person. This is what the Torah is teaching
us with the expression "V'Yikchu Li Teruma." Whether a person gives
to an individual or to an institution, he/she is really receiving more
than he/she is giving.
Getting Our Priorities Straight: Table/Menorah Flour/Torah
When the Torah explains how the vessels of the Mishkan were set out,
the pasuk tells us: "You will then place the cover on the Ark of
Testimony in the Holy of Holies. And place the Table outside the
curtain and the Menorah should be placed opposite the Table, toward
the southern wall; and the Table should be toward the northern wall."
[26:34-35]
Anyone who carefully looks at the pasuk, sees a redundancy. If the
Torah first tells us to put the Table in front of the curtain and then
immediately tells us to put the Menorah opposite it on the southern
side, any person with power of deduction knows that as a result, the
Table is on the northern side. Why does the Torah have to repeat and
reiterate the fact that the Table is on the northern side?
I once heard a beautiful interpretation of this from Rav Kulefsky,
shlit"a. The sefer "Sifsei Kohen" asks the following question: We
know that symbolically the Table represents Parnasa -- the ability for
the Jewish people to sustain themselves physically and materially.
The Menorah symbolically represents Torah, the light of the Menorah
symbolizes the Light of Torah. Why is it then, asks the Sifsei Kohen,
that the Table was placed first, before the Menorah? After all, the
Menorah is more significant than the Table?
Rav Kulefsky answers, "If there is no flour there is no Torah"
[Mishneh Avot 3:17]. If there is no livelihood, there can be no
Torah; therefore, first we put out the Table, representing parnasa;
then we put out the Menorah, representing Torah.
Rav Kulefsky asks further, that the same Mishneh goes on to say, "If
there is no Torah, there is no flour!" So what did the Sifsei Kohen
accomplish by quoting the Mishneh? The question remains, why give the
Table priority over the Menorah?
Rav Kulefsky quotes a very important comment from the Gaon of Vilna
(in his commentary to Mishlei). The Mishneh also says "If there is no
wisdom (chochma) there is no Fear of G-d (Yir-ah)." Then the Mishneh
says, "If there is no Fear of G-d, there is no wisdom." The Gaon
asks, what does this mean? Which way is it?
The Gaon answers that when we speak in terms of chronological
priorities then wisdom has to proceed Fear of G-d, because "the
ignoramus cannot be pious" [Avot 2:5]. Simply, one who does not know
anything cannot be observant. However in terms of goals ('tachlis');
in terms of what it is all about, then priority is given to Fear of
G-d. In other words, if wisdom is not going to lead to observance,
(the fellow who writes 'chidushei Torah' on Shabbos while smoking a
cigarette), the wisdom is worthless. If the person can learn a blatt
Gemara, but he is not an honest person, his learning is not worth
much.
The same is true here as well. In terms of chronological priorities,
unless one establishes a viable means of supporting himself -- one way
or another -- if there is no flour, there is no Torah. If one has to
go around begging, he is not going to be able to sit and learn.
But in terms of what it's all about, in terms of tachlis, if it
doesn't lead to Torah, if one is just accumulating money for the sake
of making money, then the money is worthless. If one does not use his
'kemach' for the right reasons, it is of no value.
This is what the Torah is telling us: First we place the Table,
because "if there is no flour, there is no Torah." Then we put the
Menorah opposite the Table -- because we need the Table to be there
for the Menorah / Torah to exist.
Then the pasuk reiterates that the Table should be on the northern
side. Now that we have reached the point where we have established
the Menorah / Torah, we must realize that the Table's only purpose is
to be opposite the Menorah. At this point, we are to realize that the
Table's reason for being is only to support the Menorah. Merely
having a Table, in and of itself, serves no purpose. We need to have
our priorities straight: Without Torah, the 'flour' serves no purpose!
Menschlichkeit and our Sages: A Comment on last week's Shiur
Several people requested a clarification on the last shiur, asking how it
was possible to even imply that Rebbe Yehoshua and the other great Sages
might have lacked basic proper conduct in their debate with Rabbi Eliezer,
or even more that one could be called "not a mensch."
The Jerusalem Talmud itself says that Rabbi Eliezer only disagreed "because
they burned that which he deemed pure in front of him." The Korban Eida
explains that Rabbi Eliezer felt that doing so reflected a lack of derech
eretz, proper conduct - yes, menschlichkeit. He believed that they were not
acting for the sake of Heaven, but to deliberately aggravate him, and as a
result they were all invalid as judges. Again, it is the Korban Eida itself
which says that Rabbi Eliezer believed they were invalid as judges as a
result of their lack of derech eretz, proper conduct.
Nonetheless, the questioners are correct to point out that we are
discussing people who lived on a tremendously high spiritual level, and it
would be a great error to think that they could lack 'menschlichkeit' on
our level. What we would consider behavior completely for the sake of
Heaven, they would consider grossly lacking, and we must learn on our level
while remaining cognizant of the difference between their level of
'menschlichkeit,' and our own.
Using the expression "not a mensch" was colorful language, but - obviously
- also not accurate. It is an error to say that because a person lacks
proper behavior in one area, he is "not a mensch" overall - and it would in
any case be inconceivable that a great Sage would indeed be "not a mensch."
And, sof kol sof [in the end], the Halacha is not like Rabbi Eliezer!
Glossary
Beis HaMikdash -- House of Sanctity (Holy Temple)
Mishkan -- Tabernacle
chessed -- kindness
Ba'al HaBayis -- Literally, Master of the House; in this context it
means a benefactor.
zt"l -- zecher Tzadik l'Bracha (the memory of the Righteous should be
for a Blessing)
shlit"a -- she'yichye l'orech yamim tovim, amen (May he live long and
happily, amen)
parnasa -- livelihood
chidushei Torah -- novel insights into Torah
kemach -- flour
mensch -- (Yiddish) person (who behaves in a dignified manner)
menschlichkeit -- good, warm, dignified conduct
Personalities & Sources:
Rav Shlomo Breuer -- (1850-1926); Rabbi in Hungary and Germany;
son-in-law of and successor to R. Samson Raphael
Hirsch (Frankfort).
Rav Yakov Moshe Kulefsky -- Senior faculty member at Ner Israel
Rabbinical College; Baltimore, MD.
Gaon of Vilna -- Rav Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman (1720-1797). Considered
the greatest Torah scholar in many centuries.
This week's write-up is adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi
Yissochar Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Torah Tapes on the weekly Torah
portion (#87). The corresponding halachic portion for this tape is:
Microphone on Shabbos. The other halachic portions for Parshas Terumah from the Commuter Chavrusah Series are:
