Rabbi Frand on Purim
These divrei Torah were adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi Yissocher Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Tapes on the weekly portion: Tape # 186, Shalach Monos and Other Purim Issues. Happy Purim!
Sanctifying Oneself Through The Physical
There is a very significant difference between Judaism and other religions.
Many religions, particularly Catholicism, believe in a basic dichotomy
between the physical and spiritual. That is why they believe that their holy
people must remain celibate. They hold that if a person really wants to
reach spirituality, he must separate himself from physical things. The more
separate a person can become, the more holy he can become. Judaism teaches
us just the opposite. Torah teaches that the highest form of holiness can
come through material matters.
[This concept will be discussed further when we reach Parshas Vayikra; this
shiur was given during a leap year, and Vayikra fell before Purim.]
It is perhaps appropriate to stress this idea as the holiday of Purim
approaches. On Purim there is a mitzvah to eat and drink. These are,
obviously, basic physical activities. But the mitzvah is to transform these
activities into a higher form -- not just filling one's stomach or using
drinking as an excuse to act inappropriately. These are concepts that
someone following another religion would find very hard to understand. They
see a dichotomy between the physical and spiritual, a divide that cannot be
bridged. But a Jew is asked and is able to eat and drink and -- even in that
state -- sanctify the name of Heaven. That is Purim!
Chazal tell us that Yom Kippurim is a day like Purim, [k(mo) Purim]. The day
before Yom Kippur we feast, and on Yom Kippur we fast. On Purim it is just
the opposite. The day prior to Purim (Ta'anis Esther) we fast, and on Purim
we feast.
Chazal phrased their statement in such a way that Yom Kippur -- which is
being compared to Purim -- seems to be secondary, and Purim seems to be
primary. The reason for this is that on Purim we can achieve a higher level
of spirituality than on Yom Kippur! On Yom Kippur, we achieve a spirituality
that comes through fasting and abstention. On Purim, the preparation comes
through fasting but the goal is to sit at our Purim Seudah [Purim Feast],
and achieve spirituality through feasting!
Haman: The Perennial Malcontent
The Gemara [Talmud, Tractate Chulin 139b] asks, "From where do we see a
Biblical allusion to Haman's name?" To which the enigmatic answer is given,
"Hahmin ha'eytz hazeh..." ([Did you eat] from this tree?) [Bereshis 3:11].
Without vowels, the Hebrew letters of the word Hahmin are the same as the
Hebrew letters in the name Haman. This is a type of Gemara that cannot be
understood on a superficial level. The Talmud is certainly not merely
playing a word game!
The Gemara is saying the following: "Where does the Torah allude to the
concept represented by Haman?" The answer is that the essence of Haman lies
in the verse "[Did you eat] from this tree?" Rav Bergman explains that Haman
was an individual who had everything. Our sages say he was one of the
wealthiest people in the world. He was second in command to the King. He had
all that one could ask out of life -- money, power, family -- everything!
And yet, what did Haman say? As long as Haman saw "Mordechai, the Jew
sitting at the gate of the king" (refusing to bow down to him - [Esther
3:2]), Haman said, "all this is worthless to me" [Esther 5:13]. Because
Haman was lacking one thing, everything else became worthless to him.
Such a person will never be happy. In order for a person to be happy, one
must be pleased with his lot in life. Haman represents the antithesis of one
who is happy with his lot. Haman represents the perennial malcontent. He
represents the one who is never happy. He can have money, power and prestige
and yet declare it all worthless.
The Gemara asks, where do we see this attribute in the Torah -- that one can
have everything and yet still not be satisfied? The answer is that we find
it by Adam in the Garden of Eden. Adam had literally everything --
spirituality, physical luxury, angels to serve him -- everything! He lacked
only one thing: access to the Tree of Knowledge. Adam was not satisfied, and
he succumbed to the sin that led us down the path to the world as it exists
today. Haman personified the same character trait: that of not being
satisfied even when one has most everything.
This is a particularly important lesson for us to learn before Purim. The
mitzvah of Purim is one of those difficult mitzvos, which escapes modern
man. The mitzvah is to be happy. One would think the mitzvah of Simcha (to
be happy) is an easy mitzvah, but we know from experience that it is not so
easy. Happiness does not come to us easily. We always have so many things to
worry about, that it is very difficult to be happy.
What is the 'key' to happiness? A person becomes happy by being a "sameach
b'chelko" -- one who is happy with his portion. We must think about that
which we have, rather than that which we lack. If a person -- thank G-d --
is living, is surrounded by his family... has his health... lives in a
country where he can perform mitzvos... he has so much! If only we would
learn to not be like the Hamans of the world. We must get away from the
attitude of "all this is worthless to me." That is the challenge of Purim --
to think about what Haman represented and about what a miserable life that
is, to never be happy and satisfied. We must contemplate how rotten and
disgusting and depressing such an attitude and such a life is. We must rise
above that attitude, and instead dwell on and think about that which we do
have. Then we can truly fulfill the Mitzvah of the day. "For the Jews there
was light, happiness, joy, and honor" (La'yehudim Hoyso Ora Vsimcha Vsosson
Veykor) [Esther 8:16].
Happy Purim!
Glossary
sameach b'chelko -- happy with one's lot in life
Sources and Personalities
Rav Bergman -- contemporary, Ponnevich Yeshiva, Bnei Brak, Israel
This week's write-up is adapted from the hashkafa portion of Rabbi
Yissochar Frand's Commuter Chavrusah Torah Tapes on the weekly Torah
portion (#186). The corresponding halachic portion for this tape is:
Shalach Monos
and Other Purim Issues. The other halachic portions for Parshas Vayikra from the Commuter Chavrusah Series are:
Also Available: Mesorah / Artscroll has published a collection
of Rabbi Frand's essays. The book is entitled:
and is available through your local Hebrew book store or from
Project Genesis, 1-410-654-1799.
